Summary
The Quran is the Holy Book of Islam and the Word of God. It contains teachings, commandments and codes for the spiritual, moral, and social guidance of mankind.
The teachings of the Quran are founded in the belief that God is One and the purpose of human creation is to worship Him. The Quran recounts stories of past prophets, describes the spiritual and natural world, and outlines basic Islamic principles.
The Quran truly is the ultimate guidebook and main source of Islamic teachings for Muslims.
Table of Content
Conclusion
1. Introduction
1.1. Quran
Over 1400 years ago, the Holy Quran was revealed to the Holy Prophet Muhammad (sa) by God Almighty. It was revealed through the angel Gabriel over a period of 23 years (“The Quran,” 1994).
The verbal revelations in Arabic were memorized and inscribed for posterity. Unlike other religious scriptures, the Holy Quran has been preserved throughout time. In fact, God Himself has promised to safeguard the Quran. In verse 10 of Surah Al-Hijr, God says: “Verily, We Ourself have sent down this Exhortation, and most surely We will be its Guardian.”
During the time of the first Caliph, Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra), the Quran was compiled into a single volume. During the time of the third Caliph, Hazrat Usman (ra), additional copies of the Quran were prepared and distributed (“The Quran,” 1994).
1.2. Its importance
The Quran is the Islamic Holy Book and the Word of God. Aside from its religious teachings, it contains guidance, commandments, and laws for the moral and social behaviour of mankind (“About Holy Quran”, n.d.).
The Quran is meant to help those who read it lead moral and spiritual lives. God says in verse 3 of Chapter 2: “This is a perfect Book; there is no doubt in it; it is a guidance for the righteous.”
The Quran was revealed at a time when there was division between religions and earlier religious scriptures had become corrupted. There was thus a need for one religion to unite them all. The universal teachings in the Quran became necessary to continue mankind’s spiritual progress (H. M. B. M. Ahmad, 1985).
1.3. Basic structure
The Holy Quran consists of 114 Surahs or Chapters, which are spread across 30 equal Parts.
The Chapters of the Quran are further divided into verses that vary in length. Chapter 2, Surah Al-Baqarah, is the longest Chapter at 287 verses. Surah Al-Kauthar is the shortest at only four verses. In total there are 6,348 verses in the Quran (“About Holy Quran”, n.d.).
2. Core Beliefs in the Quran
2.1. Monotheism
The teachings of the Quran revolve around monotheism. The Quran recounts stories of past nations that worshipped multiple deities. It details how prophets were sent to warn these people away from polytheism.
Three of the great religions of the world (Islam, Judaism, and Christianity), are all united in one fundamental belief. This is that there is an All-Powerful God who is the sole Creator, Sustainer, and Master of the universe (Khan, 1992).
2.2. Belief in Allah
In Islam, the name for God is Allah, which only applies to the One Supreme God and is never used in plural (“The attributes of God,” n.d.).The Quran preaches the oneness of God and emphasizes that Islam is a monotheistic religion.
The first Chapter of the Quran, Surah Al-Fatihah, starts by proclaiming that “All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of all the worlds”. This is stressed again at the end of the Quran, in Surah Al-Ikhlaas, where it says: “He is Allah, the One; Allah, the Independent and Besought of all. He begets not, nor is He begotten. And there is none like unto Him.”
According to the Quran, the perfect architecture of the universe implies that only One Supreme Being was involved in its creation, without any competing forces. Denying the Oneness of God is a great sin in Islam.
2.3. Attributes of God
The Quran describes God’s perfection through the mention of His attributes, which only He possesses. True believers should seek to reflect God’s attributes within themselves (H. M. M. Ahmad, 2013a).
The first Chapter of the Quran, Surah Al-Fatihah, references the four fundamental attributes of God as evidence of God’s existence: He is Lord of all the worlds, the Gracious, the Merciful, and Master of the Day of Judgement.
Different chapters of the Quran highlight different attributes of God. In verse 25 of Surah Al-Hashr, it is said about God’s attributes: “His are the most beautiful names. All that is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him” (“The attributes of God,” n.d.).
2.4. Role of prophets
Prophets were sent to guide their people towards God, bring about spiritual reformation in them and foster mutual love and respect between humans. According to the Quran, God has sent His Messengers to every nation (“What do Muslims believe,” n.d.).
Many prophets have been mentioned in the Quran, including Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (sa). Muslims believe in all prophets and in the original Scriptures that were revealed to them by God. Muslims also believe that Muhammad (sa) is the Seal of all the Prophets. He was sent with a universal teaching for all mankind.
A prophet’s role is to deliver God’s message, whether it be through commandments, laws, codes, teachings, prophecies, or warnings (H. M. T. Ahmad, 1985).
3. Purpose of life in Quran
3.1. Meaning of life
According to the Quran, the purpose of human creation is the understanding of and devotion to God Almighty. This is specified in verse 57 of Surah Adh-Dhariyat, where God says, “And I have created Jinn and men so that they should worship me.”
Though humans have the potential for both worldly and spiritual advancement, the Quran advises them to moderate their worldly desires and find fulfilment in the worship of God. In fact, unlike other species, humans have been created with the ability and capacity to understand, love, and worship God. Humans have not been created of their own will, nor will they depart the world of their own will. Therefore, as God created humans, Muslims believe it is also God who has appointed a purpose for them (H. M. G. Ahmad, 1979).
According to the Quran, there are several ways to achieve the purpose of life. These include:
Muslims believe true fulfilment can only be achieved when a person strengthens their connection with God.
3.2. Responsibility to worship Allah
In verse 73 of Surah Al-Ahzab, God says: “Verily, We offered the Trust to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, but they refused to bear it and were afraid of it. But man bore it.” This means that God has blessed humans with higher faculties that other creatures do not possess. As such, it is the responsibility of every believer to worship God, obey Him and show Him gratitude for His blessings (Lajna Imaillah USA, 1996).
There are many ways in which humans can workshop God. For more information on worship, see section 4.
3.3. Preparing for afterlife
According to Quranic teachings, everyone is accountable for their own actions, which will be judged by God after they die. The Quran presents the concepts of Heaven and Hell and teaches Muslims that good deeds will be rewarded by God. It also explains that those who sin and do evil during their life will be punished by God.
According to the Quran, when a person passes away, their soul undergoes an evolution in preparation for afterlife. This stage is known as Alame Barzakh or the period between death and the Day of Judgement (purgatory).
Just like a baby develops in a mother’s womb, the spiritual development of the soul occurs after death before its final resurrection on the Day of Judgement (H. M. B. M. Ahmad, 1985; H. M. T. Ahmad, 1985). For more information on afterlife, see section 12.
4. Worship and prayer
4.1. Importance
In the Quran, prayer is described as an essential characteristic of a true believer. It is considered the best way to establish a living communion with God (Salat, 1994).
Muslims believe prayer helps get rid of sins and purifies the soul. This is stated in verse 46 of Surah Al-Ankabut: “Recite that which has been revealed to thee of the Book, and observe Prayer. Surely, Prayer restrains one from indecency and manifest evil, and remembrance of Allah is the greatest virtue. And Allah knows what you do.”
Prayer is thus the highest form of Divine worship and the best way to gain nearness to God (H. M. B. M. Ahmad, 2019).
4.2. Guidelines
The most important form of worship in Islam is the five daily prayers, which have been prescribed with set times throughout the day (Lajna Imaillah USA, 1996). The Quran emphasizes the importance of performing these five prayers, which are obligatory for every adult Muslim of sound mind (Salat, 1994). In addition to these obligatory prayers, Muslims can offer voluntary prayers such as Tahajjud. These are mentioned in the Quran as being especially acceptable to God.
The Quran also contains prayers that Muslims use on a day-to-day basis. These range from prayers for seeking God’s forgiveness to prayers when showing gratitude after receiving a favour. The Quran also contains prayers for special occasions or circumstances, such as the prayer upon hearing of someone’s passing (Lajna Imaillah USA, 1996).
4.3. Significance of rituals
It is believed that while the act of praying is considered a means to connect with God, it should only be performed according to God’s teachings. Also, prayers should be done with the intent of seeking His pleasure (Iqbal & Abid, 2019). Prayer should not be performed as a formality or ritual. Rather it should be done with sincerity for it to be meaningful and fruitful (Institute of Islam, 2016). Such prayer brings comfort to the supplicant as well.
God reassures believers that their prayers are heard. In verse 187 of Surah Al-Baqarah He states: “When My servants ask thee concerning Me, say: I am near. I answer the prayer of the supplicant when he prays to Me. So they should hearken to Me and have belief in Me, that they may follow the right way.”
5. Moral conduct
5.1. Principles of ethical behavior
The Quran contains many teachings for the moral and ethical behaviour of Muslims. These include honesty, modesty, kindness, compassion, forgiveness, patience and respect. The Quran also teaches Muslims to not deride or defame others, to fulfill their covenants and never break their oaths, and to be strict in upholding justice. On back-biting, the Quran says it is the same as eating the flesh of a dead brother (“Etiquette,” n.d.).
The Quran also commands believers to:
Surah Al-Mu’minun provides a comprehensive list of good moral characteristics of a true believer who will attain Paradise. Namely that they are humble, shun all that is vain, guard their chastity, pay alms, and observe prayers.
5.2. Honesty
The Quran puts great emphasis on truthfulness as a moral quality of a believer. The Quran equally condemns lying, deceit and fraudulent behaviour. For more information on this topic, see section 9.
5.3. Kindness
In verse 200 of Surah Al-A’raf, God says: “Take to forgiveness, and enjoin kindness, and turn away from the ignorant.” The Quran repeatedly guides believers to be kind to their parents, children, spouses, friends, neighbours, kin, and to the needy and orphans. In fact, the Quran teaches believers to show compassion, sympathy and love to all fellow human beings even if they are strangers or enemies.
5.4. Respect for parents
At several instances, God says in the Quran that believers should show respect to their parents. This includes upholding their rights and maintaining a good relationship with them.
In verses 24-25 of Surah Bani Isra’il, God commands believers to show kindness to parents in their old age: “If either or both of them should attain old age while you are alive, say not `ugh’ to them, nor chide them, and speak kindly to them. Lower to them the wing of humility out of tenderness and pray: Lord have mercy upon them as they brought me up when I was little.” It is clear from this what the status of parents is in Islam.
5.5. Respect for others
Muslims have a responsibility to serve humanity. The greatest way one can show love for their Creator is by respecting and showing compassion to all His creations (Lajna Imaillah USA, 1996). Based on the Islamic principles of brotherhood and equality, the Quran puts great stress on upholding the rights of others. It teaches believers to respect all their fellow human beings, regardless of faith, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, colour or socioeconomic status.
6. Family and social relations
6.1. Role of parents and children
The Quran repeatedly refers to the importance of the family unit and each member’s roles towards one another. The Quran teaches children to treat their parents with kindness and to take care of them as they age. In verse 25 of Surah Bani Isra’il, God commands Muslims to pray for their parents: “My Lord, have mercy on them even as they nourished me in my childhood.” This prayer highlights the essential role of parents. It instructs children to be grateful for everything their parents have done for them.
Similarly, the Quran advises parents on the upbringing of their children. It guides men and women on the obligations they must fulfill as providers and guardians within the family unit. Most importantly, parents have a duty to teach their children Islamic teachings, support their development and prepare them for life.
The prayer in verse 75 of Surah Al-Furqan (i.e. “Our Lord, grant us of our wives and children the delight of our eyes, and make us a model for the righteous”) demonstrates that husbands and wives need to be role models not only for their children but also for each other. In fact, parents will be answerable to God if they neglect their responsibilities and fail their future generations (H. M. T. Ahmad, 1992).
6.2. Duties towards family
The Quran stresses that the relationship between husband and wife is crucial to maintaining harmony in the family. It is also essential for the proper upbringing of children. For more information on the responsibilities of spouses and guidance for couples, see section 16.
The Quran puts equal emphasis on creating bonds of closeness with other family members: siblings, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, cousins, grandparents and grandchildren. Having good relationships with extended family creates a sense of belonging. This fosters a healthy, happy and loving family unit.
Regarding kindness towards relatives, God says in verse 2 of Surah An-Nisa: “And fear Allah in whose name you appeal to one another, and fear Him particularly respecting ties of kinship.”
The Quran also prescribes laws of inheritance within the family unit, thereby providing security to the dependents of the deceased.
6.3. Responsibilities of society
According to the Quran, all humans are part of a large family and should treat each other as such. The Quran emphasizes this spirit of brotherhood in verse 104 of Surah Aal-e-Imran: “Remember the favour of God which He bestowed upon you when you were enemies and He united your hearts in love, so that by His grace you became as brothers: and you were on the brink of a pit of fire and He saved you from it.”
Therefore, fostering love and respect within a family unit extends to the rest of society too. With this mentality, humans can view each other as equals, take care of each other and be just in their dealings with one another, promoting social peace and harmony (H. M. T. Ahmad, 1992).
The Quran also teaches Muslims to be just with neighbours, friends and colleagues by treating them with respect and kindness.
6.4. Charity and its importance
The Quran teaches Muslims to give to others with complete sincerity and selflessness. At numerous occasions, the Quran identifies true believers as those who spend their money in the way of God. True believers are charitable towards kin, orphans, needy and anyone else who asks for charity. Not only are charitable deeds a way to gain God’s pleasure, but they are essential for uplifting the poor, and supporting the welfare of the community.
Giving charity is considered a means of human progress. It raises the standard of life of the needy and protects them from mental and social degradation. The Quran teaches that by showing sympathy to one’s fellow human beings, Muslims can support the prosperity, stability and prosperity of society (S. M. Ahmad, 1983).
It is also important to consider what is given in charity and how it is given. Giving someone something worthless does not please God. This is clear from verse 268 of Surah Al-Baqarah: “O ye who believe! spend of the good things that you have earned, and of what We produce for you from the earth; and seek not what is bad to spend out of it when you would not take it yourselves except that you connive at it.”
Similarly, God explains in verse 272 of Surah Al-Baqarah that giving charity secretly is better: “If you give alms openly, it is well and good; but if you conceal them and give them to the poor, it is better for you; and He will remove from you many of your sins. And Allah is aware of what you do.” For more information on charity, see sections 8.2 and 8.3.
7. Justice and Equality
7.1. All people are equal
The Quran teaches that all people are equal, regardless of faith, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, colour or socioeconomic status. In verse 11 of Surah Al-Hujurat, God says: “Surely all believers are brothers. So make peace between brothers, and fear Allah that mercy may be shown to you.” This verse perfectly demonstrates the Quran’s view on universal brotherhood and equality.
God says in verse 14 of Surah Al-Hujurat: “O mankind, We have created you from a male and a female; and We have made you into tribes and sub-tribes that you may recognize one another.” In this verse, the Quran confirms the common ancestry of all humans and shows that all people are equal.
The Quran also promotes gender equality, as demonstrated by verse 16 of Surah An-Nahl: “Whoso acts righteously, whether male or female, and is a believer, We will surely grant him a pure life; and We will surely bestow on such their reward according to the best of their works.”
Similarly, verse 36 of Surah Al-Ahzab lists all the qualities of true believers and references both believing men and believing women directly in the text. It is made evident that these requirements apply equally to both sexes.
7.2. Justice as a cornerstone of social harmony
The Quran sets a very high standard for Muslims when it comes to justice and fairness. The Quran teaches Muslims to fulfill the rights of fellow human beings. Also, to go beyond that by being just, kind and selfless towards them. In verse 91 of Surah An-Nahl, the Quran emphasizes justice: “Verily, Allah enjoins justice, and the doing of good to others; and giving like kindred; and forbids indecency, and manifest evil, and wrongful transgression.”
Many social issues nowadays are due to a lack of justice and equity in the world. The Quran instructs Muslims to be unbiased and just in all decision-making. It commands Muslims to be impartial and fair even with enemies in order to establish social and national harmony. In verse 9 of Surah Al-Ma’idah, God says: “O ye who believe! be steadfast in the cause of Allah, bearing witness in equity; and let not a people’s enmity incite you to act otherwise than with justice. Be always just, that is nearer to righteousness.”
In verse 136 of Surah An-Nisa, the Quran teaches Muslims to remain fair and impartial in all situations. This applies even when testifying against oneself or one’s family member: “O ye who believe! be strict in observing justice and be witnesses for Allah, even though it be against yourselves or against your parents or kindred. Whether he, against whom witness is borne, be rich or poor, Allah is more regardful of them both than you are. Therefore follow not your low desires that you may be able to act equitably. And if you hide the truth or evade it, then know that Allah is Well-Aware of what you do.”
8. Treatment of the Needy
8.1. Caring for the orphan, poor
The Quran puts great emphasis on fulfilling the rights of orphans and caring for the needy. In verses 18-19 of Surah Al-Fajr, God describes dishonouring the needy and poor as social ills: “Nay, but you honour not the orphan, and you urge not one another to feed the poor.”
The Quran teaches Muslims to protect the property and wealth of orphans in verse 35 of Surah Bani Isra’il: “And come not near the property of the orphan, except in the best way, until he attains his maturity and fulfill the covenant; for the covenant shall be questioned about.”
The Quran also teaches Muslims not to rebuke beggars and instead to uplift the poor and show them sympathy. The Quran highlights that alms are for the poor and the needy. Those Muslims who are well off should strive to help those in extreme poverty (H. M. B. M. Ahmad, 2013).
8.2. Zakat
Zakat is a form of obligatory charity in Islam. Numerous times in the Quran, God commands Muslims to pay the Zakat and to share in wealth with the needy.
To stress the importance of Zakat, God says in verse 262 of Surah Al-Baqarah: “The similitude of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is like the similitude of a grain of corn which grows seven ears, in each ear a hundred grains. And Allah multiplies it further for whomsoever He pleases and Allah is Bountiful, All-Knowing.” Here, God is promising to exponentially increase the wealth of those who are charitable.
In the Quran, those who do not pay Zakat are likened to idolaters who deny the hereafter (S. M. Ahmad, 1983). Zakat is not imposed on a person’s income. It is due on a person’s savings, properties and other assets that appreciate over time, but are not in daily use. Zakat must be paid on gold, silver, cash savings and stocks. It is not due on land or houses that are being used as personal residences (S. M. Ahmad, 1983).
Like all charitable deeds, Zakat is to be given with the goal of seeking God’s pleasure. It is a way of supporting the welfare of the community, ending poverty in society, ensuring economic prosperity and improving the moral condition of people. Giving Zakat not only purifies one’s wealth, but it is also a means of purifying one’s soul. It is stated in verse 103 of Surah At-Taubah: “Take alms out of their wealth, so that thou mayest cleanse them and purify them thereby.”
The Quran also teaches that Zakat heals people from stinginess, allowing them to reject the attractions of the material world. God states in verse 10 of Surah Al-Hashr: “And whoso is rid of the covetousness of his own soul — it is these who will be successful” (S. M. Ahmad, 1983).
8.3. Sadqa
Sadqa differs from Zakat in that it is a form of voluntary financial sacrifice. In verse 104 of Surah At-Taubah, God has promised to remove difficulties and reward those who give attention to Sadqa: “Know they not that Allah is He Who accepts repentance from His servants and takes alms, and that Allah is He Who is Oft-Returning with compassion, and is Merciful?”
Similar to other forms of charity, Sadqa should be given sincerely and with the goal of attaining nearness to God. Sadqa is a means of supporting societal progress and improving the conditions of the poor and needy.
9. Honesty
9.1. Quran emphasizes on truthfulness
In Islam, honesty is considered a virtue and good moral, while dishonesty is a sin (H. M. M. Ahmad, 2018). In verse 36 of Surah Al-Ahzab, God mentions the “truthful men and truthful women” among those for whom He has prepared forgiveness and a great reward. Further in verse 71, God says: “O Ye who believe! Fear Allah, and say the right word.” God has promised to bless those who speak clearly and straightforwardly (H. M. M. Ahmad, 2003).
The Quran also teaches Muslims to uphold their oaths and fulfil their agreements. In Islam, it is considered the height of insincerity and bad moral conduct to go back on one’s word.
9.2. It condemns lying, deceit and fraud
The Quran forbids giving false testimonies. It teaches Muslims to deal with others with honesty and without deception. It equates lying to shirk (idol worship) in verse 31 of Surah Al-Hajj: “Shun therefore the abomination of idols, and shun all words of untruth” (H. M. M. Ahmad, 2017).
Additionally, Surah Al-Tatfif goes into detail about the punishments for those who deal in fraud and deceitful financial dealings. God says in verse 189 of Surah Al-Baqarah: “And do not devour your wealth among yourselves through falsehood.”
Similarly, on the topic of gossip, God says in verse 7 of Surah Al-Hujurat: “O ye who believe! if an unrighteous person brings you any news, ascertain the correctness of the report fully, lest you harm a people in ignorance, and then become repentant for what you have done.”
10. Education and knowledge
The first Quranic word revealed to the Holy Prophet (sa) was iqra, which means to read, recite or convey. From the outset, God placed great importance on gaining knowledge. In verse 115 of Surah TaHa is the prayer: “O my Lord, increase me in knowledge.” This prayer inspires Muslims towards learning and seeking an education. It encourages Muslims to study and ponder over the teachings in the Quran, and also understand the world around them.
Muslims are responsible for many great inventions, including:
11. Teachings on patience and perseverance
The Quran identifies true believers to be those who show patience and perseverance in the face of trials and tribulations. God says in verse 46 of Surah Al-Baqarah: “And seek help with patience and Prayer; and this indeed is hard except for the humble in spirit.”
The Quran guides Muslims to remain steadfast in the face of hardship. It also encourages them to do good and seek God’s favour by praying to him. In verse 41 of Surah An-Nisa, it is stated: “Surely, Allah wrongs not any one even by the weight of an atom. And if there be a good deed, He multiplies it and gives from Himself a great reward.”
The Quranic teachings of patience are further exemplified through the many stories of the prophets, who suffered difficulties and were persecuted, but always trusted in God. At numerous instances, God promises believers that if they supplicate to Him in humility, He will answer them. For example, in verse 37 of Surah Az-Zumar, God says: “Is Allah not sufficient for His servant?” In verse 287 of Surah Al-Baqarah it is stated that “Allah burdens not any soul beyond its capacity.” In verse 6 of Surah Al-Inshirah, God says: “Surely there is ease after hardship.”
12. Afterlife
12.1. Concept of Afterlife, Haven, Hell
The Islamic concept of afterlife is beyond human imagination. God states in verse 62 of Surah Al-Waqi’ah: “We will raise you into a form of which you have not the slightest knowledge.”
According to the Quran, life after death is spiritual in nature. The purpose of Heaven and Hell are the continual advancement of a person to higher stages of spirituality (“A philosophical explanation,” 1908). Heaven is often described as a garden with fruits and flowing streams, while Hell is a fiery place. The Quran also mentions that Heaven is eternal and composed of different stages, while Hell is only temporary.
Much of what is mentioned in the Quran about Heaven and Hell is metaphorical. Heaven and Hell are not different places in time and space; they coexist without interfering or inter-relating with one another (H. M. B. M. Ahmad, 1985; H. M. T. Ahmad, 1985).
12.2. Rewards and consequences
In the afterlife, everyone will be held accountable for their actions during their lifetime. The Quran uses metaphors to describe the rewards and punishments in the afterlife, which are subject to interpretation.
However, it is clear that those who do good during their lifetime will be rewarded in Heaven. Likewise, those who sin and do evil will suffer the consequences in Hell. God says in verses 27-28 of Surah Yunus: ”For those who do good deeds, there shall be the best reward and yet more blessings. And neither darkness nor ignominy shall cover their faces. It is these who are the inmates of Heaven; therein shall they abide. And as for those who do evil deeds, the punishment of an evil shall be the like thereof, and ignominy shall cover them. They shall have none to protect them against Allah.”
13. Quran teaches Unity, Promoting mutual respect
The Quran teaches believers to respect their fellow human beings as if they were kin. It puts great stress in upholding the rights of others. Unity amongst people, regardless of faith, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, colour or socioeconomic status, leads to mutual love and respect.
In verse 12 of Surah Al-Hujurat, God says: “O ye who believe! Let not one people deride another people, who may be better than they, nor let women deride other women, who may be better than they. And defame not your own people, nor call one another by nicknames. Bad indeed is evil reputation after the profession of belief; and those who repent not are the wrongdoers.” This fundamental message in the Quran shows that Islam promotes unity between people. It also signals that intolerance, hatred and superiority complex only serve to cause conflict and division. For more information on the Quranic teachings around mutual respect, see section 5.4 and 5.5.
14. Tolerance and peace
14.1. Tolerance with other
The Quran teaches that tolerance is a basic human value. When the Holy Prophet (sa) supplicated to God about how his people were rejecting the message of Islam, God responded in verse 90 of Surah Az-Zukhruf: “Therefore, turn aside from them, and say, ‘Peace’; and soon shall they know.” This example shows that the Quran never advocates for the use of violence in spreading the message of Islam. It teaches Muslims to be patient and show tolerance towards others.
In fact, in verse 2 of Surah Al-Ma’idah, God instructs Muslims to cooperate with people of other faiths in good works: “And help one another in righteousness and piety, but help not one another in sin and transgression.”
14.2. All religions base is Allah
The Quran teaches Muslims to respect every religion because, at its onset, every religion was founded in monotheism. In verse 25 of Surah Fatir, God says: “Verily, We have sent thee with the Truth, as a bearer of glad tidings and as a Warner; and there is no people to whom a Warner has not been sent.”
The Quran shares stories of prophets who all came to deliver the message of the Oneness of God. Prophets were sent to reform people and teach them to peacefully coexist together. Islam teaches Muslims to believe in all past prophets and the teachings that were revealed to them, promoting religious tolerance.
14.3. Peaceful coexistence with other religions
The Quran promotes peace and universal human rights and values. It considers all of humanity to be part of a large family and guarantees the freedom, equality and liberty of all individuals.
The Quran teaches Muslims to coexist and respect people from other faiths. In fact, the Quran advises Muslims to not take revenge and maintain peace; even if someone from another faith commits transgressions against them. The Quran permits Muslims to defend not just Islam, but all faiths in the face of religious persecution and oppression.
In verse 2 of Surah Al-Baqarah, God says: “There should be no compulsion in religion.” Later in verse 7 of Surah Al-Kafirun, God instructs believers to say to the disbelievers: “For you your religion, and for me my religion.” These verses demonstrate how the Quran teaches Muslims not to use force in spreading the teachings of Islam. Rather, the Quran promotes peaceful coexistence between faiths, freedom of belief and tolerance amongst peoples.
15. Quran encourages to forgive
The Quran teaches that forgiveness is a means for establishing peace. In verse 200 of Surah Al-A’raf, God says: “Take to forgiveness, and enjoin kindness, and turn away from the ignorant.”
Similarly, in verse 135 of Surah Aal-e-‘Imran, God says: “Those who spend in prosperity and adversity, and those who suppress anger and pardon men; and Allah loves those who do good.” This teaching of the Quran applies to enemies as well.
The Quran demands that Muslims uphold the rights of enemies by dealing with them fairly and justly. For instance, if someone is seeking amends for being wronged, the Quran allows them to get retribution proportionate to the wrong committed. However, if appropriate, forgiveness and reconciliation is better, especially if it leads to the reformation of the wrongdoer. This principle is explained in verse 41 of Surah Ash-Shura: “And the recompense of an injury is an injury the like thereof; but whoso forgives and his act brings about reformation, his reward is with Allah. Surely, He loves not the wrongdoers.”
16. Quran teaches about marriages
16.1. Basic principles
The Quran provides complete guidance regarding marriage. Starting in verse 2 of Surah An-Nisa, God outlines the purpose of marriage: “O ye people! fear your Lord, Who created you from a single soul and created therefrom its mate, and from them twain spread many men and women; and fear Allah, in Whose name you appeal to one another, and fear Him particularly respecting ties of relationship. Verily, Allah watches over you.”
In Islam, marriage is the foundation of a healthy family unit. It is considered essential for the continuation of the human race. It also allows men and women to enter into a legal union. This not only safeguards them from moral degradation, but allows them to experience love and happiness within Islamic law.
The Quran puts great emphasis on chastity. Islam regards marriage as a means for achieving physical, spiritual, moral, emotional and social fulfilment for couples. This prevents them from falling into sin (Lajna Imaillah USA, 1996).
16.2. Guidance for spouses
The Quran prohibits premarital relationships between men and women to safeguard their chastity. The Quran lists those people that a Muslim is not permitted to marry. It makes it clear that marriage with idolaters is forbidden for all.
However, men are allowed to marry women of the Book (i.e. women who follow revealed scriptures). As the Quran continuously puts emphasis on spirituality, Muslims should select spouses for their righteousness and piety. Muslims are encouraged to pray for their prospective mate (Lajna Imaillah USA, 1996).
The Quran provides details on the Islamic marriage ceremony, including the Nikah (announcement of marriage) and the Walimah (reception). The Quran also instructs husbands to gift their wives with a dowry in verse 25 of An-Nisa: “And for the benefit you receive from them, give them their dowries, as fixed, and there shall be no sin for you in anything you mutually agree upon, after the fixing of the dowry.”
Following the marriage, the Quran provides guidance to spouses on family planning and prohibits using birth control to avoid having children. According to Islam, this goes against the purpose of marriage.
Additionally, the Quran allows polygamy under certain circumstances. However God says in verse 4 of Surah An-Nisa: “But if you feel you may not be able to deal justly between them, then marry only one.”
The Quran also permits divorce and outlines the associated procedures, though it encourages reconciliation between husband and wife (Lajna Imaillah USA, 1996). The Quran also strongly condemns adultery in verse 33 of Surah Bani Isra’il: “Approach not adultery; surely, it is a foul thing and an evil way.”
16.3. Mutual responsibility and companionship within marriage
Both spouses have responsibilities within their union and towards the rest of their family. In verse 229 of Surah Al-Baqarah, God says: “And they (the women) have rights similar to those (of men) over them in equity.” Though the Quran promotes equal rights for both spouses within the marriage, it does outline certain responsibilities specific to the husband and wife.
Men are considered the guardians and breadwinners of the family. Women are responsible for the upbringing of the children and the maintenance of the home (Lajna Imaillah USA, 199). The Quran also teaches men to be gentle and patient with their wives, as exemplified by verse 20 of Surah An-Nisa: “And consort with them in kindness; and if you dislike them, it may be that you dislike a thing wherein Allah has placed much good.”
Mutual love, respect and cooperation between husband and wife is necessary for maintaining a healthy family unit. God says in verse 188 of Surah Al-Baqarah: “They are a garment for you, and you are a garment for them.” Further, God says in verse 22 of Surah Ar-Rum: “And one of His Signs is this, that He has created wives for you from among yourselves that you may find peace of mind in them, and He has put love and tenderness between you. In that surely are Signs for a people who reflect.” Therefore, both spouses should protect each other’s honour, and cover each other’s shortcomings. They should foster a supportive, secure and loving companionship with one another.
17. Economic principles
17.1. Usury, interest
The Quran prohibits usury, the practice of lending money at high interest rates. This system causes financial inequity in the world. Usury is based on taking advantage of and making profit off of the needs of others (“Investment,” 1994). In verses 279-280 of Surah Al-Baqarah, the Quran emphasizes that those who do not cease the practice of usury would be at odds with God: “O ye who believe! Fear Allah and relinquish what remains of interest, if you are believers. But if you do it not, then beware of war from Allah and His Messenger; and if you repent, then you shall have your original sums; thus you shall not wrong, nor shall you be wronged.”
At several instances, the Quran teaches Muslims to move away from usury, and instead give charity to others. For instance, in verse 40 of Surah Ar-Rum, the Quran states: “Whatever you pay as interest that it may increase the wealth of the people, it does not increase in the sight of Allah; but whatever you give in Zakat seeking the favour of Allah — it is these who will increase their wealth manifold.”
17.2. Honest trade
The Quran teaches Muslims to carry out their trade honestly and without any deception, as reflected by verses 182-183 of Surah Al-An’am: “Give full measure, and be not of those who give less, And weigh with a true balance.”
God admonishes those who are unfair in trade in verses 2-4 of Surah Al- Tatfif: “Woe unto those who give short measure; those who, when they take by measure from other people, take it full, but when they give by measure to others or weigh out to them, they give them less.” Bad items should not be traded for good ones. Every trade should be conducted with the highest standards of honesty and integrity (Ayyaz, 2010).
Muslims believe honest trade is blessed by God and is essential to earning a customer’s trust and gaining profits (H. M. M. Ahmad, 2013b). God also distinguishes between trade and interest in verse 276 of Surah Al-Baqarah, where He says: “Those who devour interest do not rise except as rises one whom Satan has smitten with insanity. That is because they say: ‘Trade also is like interest;’ whereas Allah has made trade lawful and made interest unlawful. So he to whom an admonition comes from his Lord and he desists, then will that which he received in the past be his; and his affair is with Allah. And those who revert to it, they are the inmates of the Fire; therein shall they abide.”
17.3. Financial dealings
The Islamic economic system seeks financial equity for all. It teaches that wealth is created by God and should be distributed and circulated for the benefit of all. The Quran emphasizes fairness and honesty in financial dealings and prohibits usury, hoarding and gambling (Khan, 1958).
Financial dealings where all parties share in the outcome, whether it be gains or losses, are allowed in Islam (“Investment,” 1994). When it comes to money-lending, the Quran outlines rules in verse 283 of Surah Al-Baqarah. The debtors are responsible for putting the terms of their contracts into writing for their own security and to avoid future disputes (Ayyaz, 2010).
The Quran advises Muslims to repay their debts in a timely manner. It also encourages leniency on the part of the lender, as shown in verse 281 of Surah Al-Baqarah: “And if any debtor be in straitened circumstances, then grant him respite till a time of ease. And that you remit it as charity shall be better for you, if only you knew.”
18. Protection from Harmful habits
The Quran identifies several bad habits that God dislikes. These include arrogance, boastfulness, backbiting, suspicion, pride, dishonesty, ungratefulness, mischief and injustice (F. Ahmad, 2020).
Most of these weaknesses arise when a person denies the greatness of God and His blessings. Eventually, bad habits can turn into permanent sins so the Quran advises Muslims to move past temporary and petty pleasures (F. Ahmad, 2020). By admonishing these bad habits in the Quran, God protects Muslims from worse evils. This is clear in verse 32 of Surah An-Nisa: “If you keep away from the more grievous of the things which are forbidden you, We will remove from you your minor evils and admit you to a place of great honour.”
The Quran teaches Muslims to always be grateful to God for His favours. Bad habits hinder the relationship between a person and God. Therefore, the Quran advises Muslims that prayer is the key to self-reformation. In verse 46 of Surah Al-‘Ankabut, it says: “Surely, Prayer restrains one from indecency and manifest evil.”
Most notably, the Quran advises Muslims to engage in Istighfar (seeking forgiveness from God) in verse 107 of Surah An-Nisa: “And ask forgiveness of Allah. Surely, Allah is Most Forgiving, Merciful.”
19. Personal growth
The Quran is the ultimate guidebook on self-reformation and personal growth. It outlines good deeds that God likes and bad deeds that God dislikes.
It puts importance on continual spiritual, physical, mental and emotional progress. Reflecting over all Quranic teachings is essential as improvement and personal growth cannot come from ignorance. Therefore, the Quran teaches Muslims to acknowledge and be aware of one’s mistakes. It teaches Muslims to seek repentance and consistently strive to do better. This will enable believers to achieve success in this world and the next. This teaching is exemplified in verse 15 of Surah Al-A’la, where God says: “Verily, he truly prospers who purifies himself.”
Conclusion
The Quran is the ultimate guidebook for all mankind. It contains the foundational teachings of Islamic law, historical accounts of the prophets, descriptions of the natural and spiritual world, and prophecies for the future.
The beauty of the Quran and its importance for mankind have been well described in verses 3-6 of Surah Al-Baqarah where God says: “This is a perfect Book; there is no doubt in it; it is a guidance for the righteous, Who believe in the unseen and observe Prayer, and spend out of what We have provided for them; And who believe in that which has been revealed to thee, and that which was revealed before thee, and they have firm faith in what is yet to come. It is they who follow the guidance of their Lord and it is they who shall prosper.” These verses outline the qualities of a true believer. They also demonstrate that one of the best ways to earn God’s pleasure is through reading the Quran, understanding its teachings, and applying those learnings in life.
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